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Entries in German literature and film (105)

Thursday
Feb032011

Heine, "Schöne Wiege meiner Leiden"

A work ("O lovely cradle of my pain")  by this German poet.  You can read the original here.

O lovely cradle of my pain,                   
O lovely tombstone of my rest,            
O lovely town, our paths must twain:    
So fare thee well; we gave our best.    

So fare thee well, O hallow bound!      
Where you shall stray, there holds my Grace;               
So fare thee well, O hallow ground!
Where first I saw Her soft steps pace.

Yet had I not beheld Her once,           
O sweetest Queen of my poor heart!     
So never would it have been thus,      
That misery and I shan't part.            

Nor did I wish to touch your core,             
No love would I have gouged to flow;                    
A quiet life I'd lead, no more,                     
Wherever your warm breath might blow.

And yet 'tis you who bids me hence,         
Your mouth befouled with bitter word;    
And madness churns my every sense,
And my poor heart falls sick and hurt. 

Yet I lurch forth on walking stick,  
My dull limbs droop and bend the way;
Until my tired head will crick
So distant in a cooling grave. 

Wednesday
Jan192011

The Innocent

If you have ever lived in Germany, you will know three things: why its language offers endless riches to those who wish to adore it; why its politics, briefly the nadir of humanity, have resulted in the model state for the rest of Europe; and why it has produced the most magnificent music the world has ever known.  Perhaps these factors mean little; after all, Germany may have wine, women, and song, but it also has a reputation for precision and aloofness that frightens those who spurn discipline.  Since I spent many unforgettable years in the Federal Republic, I have always understood that old Latin phrase about home being that place in which you feel completely yourself.  My nostalgia, for better or worse, extends well past my personal experiences and into the early postwar years when the German economy began to recover at a rate unprecedented in history (a period still known in German as "the Miracle").  Why I feel this way I cannot know; I have never loved a German; I have no blood relatives of Teutonic stock; I did not grow up imbued with any particular fondness for this controversial bastion of order and knowledge, and some readers will surely smirk if I mention something about a prior existence.  Whatever the case, I firmly believe that we do not choose what we love, it chooses us.  Which brings us to this novel about a delicate time.

Our year is 1955 and our protagonist is the meek Englishman Leonard Marnham.  Twenty-five and not well-traveled either in persons or places, Leonard hails from a plain family of bourgeois attitudes that cannot so easily be shed.  What separates him from heroes of other compressed Bildungsromans is the mere presence of what we may term humility and what may be better described as incredulity: at numerous moments in his narrative, Leonard simply cannot believe that the world is real and pummeling him with all its ambiguities.  As the story opens Leonard, at home a post office employee with some expertise in the development of telephones, is dispatched to postwar Berlin to collaborate on a project so preposterous it must stem from the annals of historical truth: an East-West tunnel, from an American military compound, with the intention of siphoning communist phone conversations.  I shall not offer to explain what kind of tunnel the erstwhile Allies, in conjunction with the West Germans, were attempting to build at that time, its range of effectiveness, or why anyone ever thought they would be able to maintain the digging and signal interception in secrecy (never mind that the Allies do not have the personnel to make this a time-sensitive method of espionage).  Suffice it to say that the whole endeavor seems like the first, or at least the first known to us because it is the first known to Leonard, of many overwrought stratagems that can only result in heightened tension and a minimal amount of ground gained on a battlefield spread over three or four continents. 

Despite his obvious sincerity, friendliness and warmth do not come easily to our hero, who ends up spending many mornings eating alone in the compound's cafeteria.  One of his cohorts is Bob Glass, a vulgar American intelligence officer who does not live up to his surname in either fragility or transparency.  He instead embodies that other vitreous meaning, a reflection, if an opposite one.  While Leonard is callow, prudish, and staunchly British in his perpetual embarrassment over the awkwardness of human interaction, the thirtysomething Glass is back-slappingly loud and vulgar (his smug coercion of Leonard suggests a porn director).  Glass will constantly appear to be looking over Leonard's shoulder, a jurisdiction that extends into his private life and the young man's affair with Maria Eckdorf.  We cannot be sure from where McEwan, a researcher nonpareil, culled this thirty-one-year-old divorcée with no real personality apart from being a vulnerable woman who wishes to escape her native country, either physically or just in her mind.  Nevertheless, The Innocent crests when these two are alone and trying to make their love eternal, most gloriously in chapter six, Leonard's first visit to Maria's flat:

She sat across from him and they warmed their hands around the big mugs.  He knew from experience that unless he made a formidable effort, a pattern was waiting to impose itself: a polite inquiry would elicit a polite response and no other question.  Have you lived here long?  Do you travel far to your work?  Is it your afternoon off?  The catechism would have begun.  Only silences would interrupt the relentless tread of question and answer.  They would be calling to each other over immense distances, from adjacent mountain peaks.  Finally he would be desperate for the relief of heading away with his own thoughts, after the awkward goodbyes.  Even now they had already retreated from the intensity of their greeting.  He had asked her about her tea making.  One more like that, and there would be nothing left to do .... It was an assumption, lodged deep beyond examination or even awareness, that the responsibility for the event was entirely his.  If he could not find the easy words to bring them closer, the defeat would be his alone.

There are in this scene dozens of magnificent observations about two people who could be together, if they could simply find a hook, a joke, a commonality amidst a world of differences.  Apart from three short consecutive sentences that overdo an ironical situation, this remains one of the finest chapters I have ever read in any book, and may count as McEwan's crowning achievement as a novelist.  Their relationship blossoms ("when they were out walking they compared themselves favorably with other young couples they saw ... it gave them pleasure to think how they resembled them, how they were all part of one benign, comforting process") then collides one regrettable evening with Leonard's misplaced notion of masculinity.  This leads him to question how he comports himself with his work colleagues, his snoopy British neighbor Blake, and even his beloved parents who he cannot quite believe no longer tend to him.  The way Leonard writes to them, without affect or detail, implies that he cannot embrace or open up to them because his own life is unembraceable and closed.  Why closed?  Perhaps owing to that most melancholy of situations, his embarrassment at the immaturity of his ways; after all, he is a recently deflowered twenty-five-year-old.  Unsure of how he is supposed to act, as exemplified by his horrible assault on Maria, he certainly cannot convey subtlety or meaning of existence to the preceding generation.  But as youth is wasted on the young, so is wisdom on the wise, and Leonard is far too plain in his thinking to imagine a world terribly unlike the one he is in right this very moment.  In other words, he can neither abjure his realm nor get enough of it. 

Much later the novel shunts onto a track at which I shall not hint, but it spoils nothing to mention that one dramatic possibility usually present in these types of tales Maria as a double agent is not cultivated.  Consequently the love story slips into a metaphor for the spy story, or vice versa, which is why loving a woman and a country are the two strongest and most treacherous emotions a non-parent can experience.  We understand why Leonard loves Maria and we realize that Maria needs someone like Leonard who is unbesmirched by war.  But we are never really convinced that Maria could love Leonard, a fear sadly shared by our hero.  At one point he laments another disconnect between the couple: 

She was beautiful, he knew that, but he could not feel it.  Her beauty did not affect him the way he wanted it to.  He wanted to be moved by her, and for her to remember how she felt about him. 

Why Leonard arrives at such hippish conclusions provides much more than an allegory of Germany itself, the conquered and divided land, subjugated to the winners' whims, yet not entirely west or east, because such parables, while appealing to readers of quick judgment, are ultimately unrewarding.  Leonard rushes to judge Glass and Maria, and yet waits patiently for the rest of mankind to be pleasant to him before he settles his opinions a recipe for disappointment if there ever were one.  And for that and other reasons the fourth thing you will know is why a cobbler should never quit his last.      

Thursday
Oct212010

Vorwort zu "Köln fünf Uhr dreißig"

A work ("Foreword to 'Cologne, 5:30'") by this German writer on this German photographer.  You can read the original in this collection.

Image result for chargesheimer köln 5 uhr 30One would have to look at these photographs all at once, one after the other in the flash of a single moment: a large city in the morning between five and five-thirty.  Only then would the deception of a single photo be eliminated.  And the deception consists of the fact that the city has a name, as well as a hidden history that inevitably adds to the photos' effect.  The name of the city is Cologne, and it is practically impossible to photograph its inner space without somewhere catching a part of the Cathedral, a city gate or one of the Roman churches.  The name of the city is as indifferent as its history, which can only be interesting for tourism, thus only for commercial reasons.  What is more, it could just as well be called Duisburg, Essen or Stuttgart and, like all cities, it is there for cars and car drivers.  And precisely because there are no cars to be found in these photos one sees that they are what belongs to the city – as all other cities belong to them.  It would also be logical, as it were, to leave this city nameless by labeling it with a combination of license plates and postal stamps: 5 K 1; the danger that one might confuse this designation with an obscure tonic can be allayed by means of a computer.

The problems in these cities are well-known: parking and the "flow" of traffic.  It is also well-known that both problems can never be resolved because all construction takes a very long time, and what could have been a solution for 1970 may in reality very well be the solution for 1965.  The madness is as evident as the emperor's new clothes, but one is still obliged to turn a blind eye to two matters: the free market economy and a certain something that we can call individualism.  It would be faineant here to ponder the price of land; the newspapers are chock full of such musings, everyone knows it, everyone laments it and nevertheless everything proceeds apace.  "We will march on," and we will continue to turn not one but two blind eyes to all this.  Probably in a few years' time that theory regarding the inhospitality of our cities will be categorized as euphoric, and the theory of the cities' unlivability will then arise, and when it does it will turn out to be quite applicable.  The privileged know how to help themselves: they betake themselves to a house in the country or leave the parking problem to their driver.  Since, comically enough, umpteen workplaces – radio stations, banks, insurance companies and department stores – are being built in the middle of the city, we have put the hounds on the parking, etcetera, etcetera.  The question "how much land does a man need" should be asked anew; a parking space is generally only a tad bigger than a grave.

I live in this city.  I was born there.  Were one to ask me whether it was my home, I would not have an answer.  It is rather the home of my memory; for an author this may be very significant, but for whom else could it possibly mean a thing?  This is something I cannot judge.  I am only sure that the concept of banishment requires a new definition.  I cannot provide such a definition here, I can only recall a certain pair of blind eyes turned away that enabled destroyed cities to be destroyed a second time.  By means of enormous administrative construction projects whose (somewhat controversial) architectonic elegance is also deceptive, a deception that becomes even worse owing to "the small houses there on the corner" which one leaves standing in order to erect a memorial to individualism.  All this comprises a system of architectural dominance for which "the small houses there on the corner" become a servant whose master treats him with merciful contempt.      

Thursday
Sep302010

Schakale und Araber

A story ("Jackals and Arabs") by this Austrian author.  You can read the original here.

We set up camp by the oasis.  My fellow travelers were asleep as an Arab, tall and white, walked by me.  He had tended to the camels and now went to his spot to sleep.  I threw myself back into the grass: I wanted to sleep, yet could not.  The plaintive howl of a jackal echoed in the distance and I sat up again.  And what was so far away was suddenly close by: a throng of jackals had surrounded me.  They had eyes of matted gold, at once both shining and fading, and slim bodies as if they moved nimbly and properly under the command of a whip.    

One of them came up from behind me, pushed his way through under my arm, quite close, as if he needed my warmth, then stepped before me and spoke, at this point almost eye-to-eye:

"I am the oldest jackal far and wide.  I am happy to be able to greet you here still.   I had almost given up all hope, since for you we have been waiting an eternity.  My mother waited and her mother waited and all their mothers up through the mother of all jackals.  Believe this much!"

"That surprises me," I said, forgetting to light the pile of wood that lay ready to fend off the jackals with its smoke.  "To hear that surprises me greatly.  I have come quite by accident from the farthest regions of the North and was planning a short trip.  What do you want then, jackals?"

And as if encouraged by this perhaps all-too-friendly comment, they narrowed their circle around me.  All of them had short, hissing breath.

"We know," the eldest began, "that you hail from the North, for precisely on that fact rest our hopes.  There one has reason, something that cannot be found here among the Arabs.  As you know, no sparks of reason can be beaten out of their cold arrogance.  They kill animals so as to eat them and they loathe carrion."

"Do not speak so loudly," I said.  "Arabs are sleeping just nearby." 

"You really are a foreigner," said the Jackal.  "Otherwise you would know that not once in the history of the world has a jackal ever feared an Arab.  We are supposed to fear them?  Is it not unfortunate enough that we have been cast out among such a people?" 

"That may be, that may be," I said.  "I am no judge of things that are so far away from me.  This appears to be a very old dispute; it therefore must be in the blood and could also only end in blood."

"You are very clever," said the old Jackal, and all of them began to breathe more quickly with agitated lungs even though they were standing still.  A bitter smell only bearable through clenched teeth now escaped their mouths.  "You are very clever indeed.  What you say corresponds to our old teachings.  We will take their blood and the dispute will come to an end."   

"Oh," I said more wildly than I wanted.  "But they will defend themselves; and with their flints they will strike you down in packs."

"You misunderstand us," he said, "for the type of person that would also not get lost in the extreme North.  We are not going to kill them.  The Nile would not have enough water to cleanse us.  What we will do is run away from the mere sight of their living bodies, into the fresh air, into the desert, which after all is our home." 

And all the jackals, some of whom had come from very far off, lowered their heads between their front legs and rubbed them with their paws.  It was as if they wished to conceal a dislike so horrible that I would have most preferred to leap away from this circle in a single bound.

"What then do you plan on doing?" I asked and wanted to get up, but could not.  Two young animals had already bitten my shirt and knee-length garb.  I had to remain seated.  "They consider your train," said the old Jackal in an explanatory and serious tone, "an indication of honor."  "They have to let me go!" I said, turning first to the old Jackal, then to the young ones.  "And of course they will do so," said the old Jackal, "if you so wish.  But this will take a while, as they have in our custom bitten quite deeply and must slowly retract their jaws from one another.  While they are doing so, listen to our  request."  "Your behavior has not made me exactly receptive to that," I said.  "Do not hold our awkwardness against us," he said and now for the first time assumed the plaintive tone of his natural voice as an aide.  "We are poor animals; we only have our jaws.  For all that we wish to do, for the good and the bad, we only have our jaws."  "So what do you want?" I said, only mildly appeased.

"Lord," he said, and all the jackals began to howl.  In the far distance this seemed to be a melody.  "Lord, you must end the dispute that has split the world in two.  Our forefathers described who should do so, and this is how you are.  We must have peace from the Arabs; breathable air; a view of the panoramic horizon that is cleansed of them; no cry of the lamb that the Arab stabs to death; all animals should die in peace; we should be able to drink our fill undisturbed and eat the carrion to the bone.  Cleanliness and purity, this is all we want."  And now they all cried and sobbed.  "How do you, noble heart and sweet entrails, endure this world?  Dirt is their white; dirt is their black; horror is their beard; one must spit at the sight of the corners of their eyes; and when they raise their arms, hell opens up from their armpits.  For that reason, o lord, o dearest lord, with the help of your capable hands, with the help of your capable hands you will slice their throats with these shears!"  And after he had signaled with his head, a jackal came carrying in his teeth a pair of small, rusted-over sewing scissors.    

"So at last the shears and now an end!" called out the Arab leader of our caravan who had crept up to us against the wind and was now swinging his massive whip.

Everything happened rapidly, but they remained at a certain distance crouched down tightly, these many animals so stiff and close upon one another that they resembled a small herd encircled by lanterns or ghost lights.

"Now, lord, you have also seen and heard this drama," said the Arab and laughed as merrily as the restraint of his tribe permitted.  "So you know what the animals want?"  I asked.  "Of course," he said, "everyone knows what they want.  As long as there are Arabs, these shears wander through the desert and will wander with us until the end of days.  They will be offered to every European to accomplish this great work; and every European will appear to them to be the chosen one.  These animals possess an unreasonable hope; fools, veritable fools they are.  We love them for that; they are our dogs, more beautiful than yours.  Look now, a camel died in the night.  I have had it brought here."

Four porters came and threw the heavy cadaver before us.  Hardly had it lain there for long before the jackals raised their voices.  Each one, as if irresistibly drawn, came stumbling in, their bodies grazing the ground.  They had forgotten the Arabs; they had forgotten the hate, and the all-extinguishing present of the powerfully evaporating corpse bewitched them.  Soon one of them was on the animal's neck and his first bite found an artery.  Just like a small, racing pump that wishes both unconditionally and hopelessly to put out a massive fire, every muscle of the jackal's body jerked and jumped in place.  And soon atop the corpse all of them partook of the same work.

The leader cracked his sharp whip here and there over them with some power.  They raised their heads, half in ecstasy and half-fainted; they saw the Arabs standing before them; now they felt the whip upon their snouts.  They leapt back and retreated a small distance.  Yet the camel's blood already lay there in puddles giving off a stench, and the body was ripped apart in many places.  They could not resist; again they fell upon it; again the leader raised his whip.  I grabbed his arm. 

"You are right, lord," he said.  "We shall leave them to their job.  It is also time for us to break camp.  You have seen them.  Wonderful animals, don't you think?  And how they hate us!"

Wednesday
Jul282010

Goethe, "Künstlers Abendlied"

A work ("The artist's evensong") by this German man of letters.  You can read the original here.

Image result for johann wolfgang von goetheIf only pure creative strength           
Could echo like quick sense's storm! 
If only sweet and pulpy form
Could flow from my cold fingers' length!

In trembling sputters I proceed,
Yet cannot leave these thoughts alone.
You feel, O Nature, to me known,
And thus must I your essence seize.

For many years in wayward tribes 
Has my poor mind your peace bethought; 
A pagan fool that values aught,
And now joy's spring will soon imbibe.

How I, O Nature, for you yearn,   
How I so wish you dear and true! 
O playful fountain all in blue,
A thousand organ pipes you'll churn! 

And all my forces you'll accrete,
And fill with mirth my weary mind.  
My narrow realm's plain words you'll bind,
And broaden to eternity.